Explore the geological forces that continue to shape Iceland. From the young lava fields of Reykjanes to volcanoes hidden beneath vast glaciers, this is a landscape where the planet still feels unfinished.
Iceland sits across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in a region of exceptional volcanic activity. Lava, ice, water and tectonic movement combine to create one of Earth's most unusual landscapes.
Iceland contains numerous volcanic systems, ranging from fissure zones to large central volcanoes concealed beneath ice.
A volcanic system on the Reykjanes Peninsula, known internationally after activity returned to the area in 2021.
A major subglacial volcanic system beneath Mýrdalsjökull in southern Iceland.
One of Iceland's best-known volcanoes and a defining landmark of the southern volcanic zone.
An active volcanic system beneath the Vatnajökull ice cap in southeastern Iceland.
The North American and Eurasian tectonic plates move away from each other across Iceland. Combined with a mantle hotspot, this creates an extraordinary environment of magma, fissures, geothermal systems and repeated volcanic activity.
Five locations that reveal different sides of Iceland's relationship with magma, glaciers and tectonic movement.
The Reykjanes Peninsula combines young lava fields, geothermal areas, open fissures and a dramatic Atlantic coastline. It is one of the clearest places in Iceland to experience the geological character of the island.
Iceland's volcanic history is written directly into its terrain - in lava fields, ash layers, craters and glaciers.
An eruption began on the Reykjanes Peninsula, drawing global attention to southwest Iceland's renewed volcanic activity.
A major lava-producing eruption created an extensive new lava field north of Vatnajökull.
An eruption beneath glacial ice generated an ash plume that became one of Iceland's best-known modern volcanic events.
A major fissure eruption produced enormous lava flows and had severe environmental consequences.
Volcanic landscapes are dynamic environments. Conditions, access, weather and gas concentrations can change, so visitors should always follow current guidance from Icelandic authorities.